What are executive functions?
Executive functions are cognitive abilities that help people solve problems and reach goals. They form the invisible steering wheel in our brain.
The four core areas
1. Brain Fluency
- Working memory
- Processing speed
2. Brain Organization
- Planning
- Prioritization
3. Brain Flexibility
- Perspective shifts
- Task switching
4. Brain Control
- Self-monitoring
- Emotion regulation
Practical support strategies
Many parents and professionals who support children on the spectrum know these situations. Here are practical strategies in five core areas:
Flexibility
- Use visual routines
- Announce changes in advance
Self-regulation
- Use social stories
- Offer quiet zones
Impulse control
- Token reward systems
- Visualize clear rules
Planning and organization
- Break tasks into small steps
- Use checklists
Problem solving
- Model strategies
- Celebrate successes
Measuring progress
We recommend measurable, positively phrased goals to track progress. Celebrating successes strengthens children’s confidence.
Source: Schwartz (2025) - Executive Function Strategies